Crime and Punishment Analysis Essay Example for Free

Crime and Punishment Analysis Essay Raskolnikov’s redemption is an essential element to the story. His interaction with Profiry is a catalyst for this change. Additionally, the psychological concepts and techniques used by the investigator are crucial aspects of the narrative. In fact, his entire investigation involves the use of psychology to lure out the murderer in what Raskolnikov refers to as a â€Å"cat and mouse game. † Though Raskolnikov considers hi an adversary, his admiration for Porfiry’s intelligence and the good use to which he puts it are critical in redeeming certain aspects of his character. Porfiry Petrovitch is an intelligent young man who works for the betterment of his country. He is greatly devoted to Russia and believes his nation has a bright future. He sees Raskolnikov as a bright young man who can contribute to Russia. Through the story Petrovitch comes to realize that Raskolnikov has fallen under the influence of radical new ideas. He is clearly not a common policeman; otherwise he would have arrested the young man much earlier in the novel. Indeed, Petrovitch’s advanced knowledge of psychological methods makes him come across as an open-minded intellectual. He reads the article Raskolnikov had written about crime. He brings this up in their first encounter and Raskolnikov provides details on his ubbermensch theory. Porfiry concludes that the young student must have included himself in the theory, as he was the one who spread the new idea. He also uses other tactics, such as asking whether Raskolnikov noticed two painters at Ivanova’s apartment. This is an attempt to trap Raskolnikov, who realizes it because there were no painters on site until the day of the murder. However these clever mind games and exchanges provide the novel with a rich, compelling interaction. Raskolnikov recognized Porify’s intelligence, and fears him as an antagonist. The investigator however looks at his suspect differently. Soon Petrovitch’s aim is to show Raskolnikov the error of his theory; that his ideas cannot serve humanity unless they are executed by humane people. Thus a person must employ both humanity and intellect simultaneously in order for their ideas to improve society. By discovering the inaccuracy of his theory, Raskolnikov can begin to accept blame and punishment for his actions. Through suffering for his actions, Raskolnikov can begin his ehabilitation and progress towards becoming the valued addition to society that Petrovitch thinks he can be. Petrovitch believes that he can rehabilitate Raskolnikov into someone who can serve Russia in a useful way. This is exemplified by the final interview, in which he gives Raskolnikov additional time to confess to the crime and thereby reduce his level of punishment. Throughout their exchanges, Petrovitch pushes the main character to do the right thing by appealing to his intellect. His influence on Raskolnikov helps the young man to accept responsibility for his actions and move towards rebuilding his life.

Effect of the Weather on Agriculture

Effect of the Weather on Agriculture Executive Summary Agricultural activities are often affected by the weather. Weather is unpredictable as it changes from time to time. As the agricultural activities affected, the crops or the outcome of the agricultural activities would be affected as well and this caused the income of the farmers to be affected or causing the investors to lose money. Therefore, weather derivative is needed to protect the farmers and investors. So, this research is all about modelling and pricing of weather derivatives where the weather is based on the daily average temperature in Malaysia. In this research, there are two main objectives which include the modelling of temperature and pricing of weather derivatives. To complete this research project, there are 10 stages to be gone through. The details about the stages would be discussed in the methodology of this research. The model used to model the movement of daily average temperature in this research would be the stochastic fractional Brownian motion. This model is chosen because based on the past researches, this model fits the data well and successfully modelled the dynamics of daily average temperature. From this research, the daily temperature is expected to be modelled and described by the stated model well. Besides that, the pricing of weather derivatives will be encountered as well. Through this research, it provides a lot of advantages. For example, it provides a better idea in the process of modelling the temperature and the pricing method of weather derivatives. The outcome from this research can be used as a reference for future researchers that do research in this field. Details of Research Project (a) Research Background 1. Problem statement Agricultural activities are one of the main activities carried out by people around the world. It is one of the main sources of income for some of the countries like Africa, India and China. Even in this modern technological era, many of the agricultural activities still depending on the weather. Weather is the daily conditions of a particular place. For example, humidity, precipitation, the daily average temperature and visibility are all under the weather. Since weather is a thing thats beyond human control and agricultural activities are highly depending on weather, therefore, agricultural businesses are often referred to as a high risk business. In recent years, the weather insurance and weather derivatives are becoming more renowned as it reduces or hedge the risks faced by all farmers and investors that caused by weather. Jewson (2005) presented a few reasons why is the weather derivatives important and in Jewson (2005) and Cao and Wei (2004), a few weather hedging techniques were shown. The traditional agricultural insurance is the crop insurance. There are a lot of disadvantages of the traditional crop insurance. Some of the disadvantages include inefficiency due to poor contract structured, lack of information and high transaction costs involved. This caused those farmers could not afford for the insurance and hence the weather derivatives are highly needed as weather derivatives normally had a lower price than the weather insurance. Thus, weather derivatives play a very important role in helping the farmers and investors. The first weather related derivative deal was done by Aquila Energy in 1997 for Consolidated Ediso n Company, where a dual-commodity hedge was structured. Since the agricultural derivatives are getting more important, more financial researchers are doing their research on the pricing of weather based derivatives. Norton (2010) stated that the weather derivative is a way to share the risk for farmers in developing countries. Malaysia is lucky enough to be located in the equatorial region. Hence, the weather in Malaysia is hot and humid throughout the year. Therefore, in Malaysia, the crops are only affected by the daily average temperature and the amount of rainfall. Of course, there are catastrophes that happen in Malaysia too, like flash flooding, acid rain or drought. These catastrophes in Malaysia caused the damage to all the crops. But, the main problem that could affect the crops in Malaysia would be the amount of rainfall, the daily temperature or humidity. Hence, in Malaysia, to structure a weather derivative, it is easier as compared to other four season countries because the weather factors that taken into account are lesser. Moreover, there are lack of people doing research in this field, thus, this research is quite important as to solve the agricultural problems. 2. Research questions One of the problems faced by researchers in doing research about the pricing of weather derivatives is often the pricing model or the pricing technique that is used. Besides pricing technique, the model that used to describe the dynamic or the movement of the weather factors like amount of rainfall or daily average temperature in the research of weather derivatives is one of the problems faced by researchers as well. Hence, in this research, the focus would be on the modelling of the daily average temperature in Malaysia and the pricing of the weather derivatives. So, the questions to be answered in this research will be how well the model is, in describing the movement of daily average temperature and how to price the weather derivatives. 3. Literature review There are actually a lot of researchers had done their research about the weather insurance or derivatives. Some of the models used by past researchers include temperature modelling, Black-Scholes model, Time Series models, Brownian model, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model, Esscher transformation and more. Taib and Benth (2012) had done a research on the pricing of the weather insurance by using three different approaches which include burn analysis approach, index modelling and temperature modelling. The weather index is first calculated and then the price of the insurance contract is calculated based on the weather index. The weather index, which is based on the Cooling-Degree Day (CDD) is calculated by using the formulae of After calculating the , the price of the insurance contract can then be now determined by using the formulae P(t, ) = exp(−r( − t))E[)|Ft ] where the expected value of the claim size is found. The exp(−r( − t) is used to find the present value by discounting at time as Indicates the end of the period where insurance starts paying. The formulae of P(t, ) is a standard method to price the weather related insurance or derivatives. For burning analysis approach, it is firstly introduced by Jewson and Brix (2005) as a classic method in pricing weather derivatives. The payoff of the burning analysis approach is based on the empirical distribution of the sample data collected. While the mean value of observations of the sample data is used to calculate the price of the contract. The next method introduced by Jewson and Brix (2005) is the index modelling approach, and Taib and Benth(2012) modify a little bit of the model where the past claims are fitted into a distribution and the expected value of the distribution is used in pricing the contracts. Lastly, Taib and Benth (2012) proposed a new model where the changes of the daily average temperature are modelled using the autoregressive, a time series model. Besides Taib and Benth (2012), Campbell and Diebold (2003) also uses time series model to model and forecast the daily average temperature in certain cities of America for the purpose of weather derivatives. While Chang, Lin Shen (2009) constructed a theoretical model to price the weather derivatives and this is the extended version of the model of Cao and Wei (2004). In the research paper of Chang, Lin Shen (2009), the estimation value of future Heating-Degree Day(HDD) and Cooling-Degree Day (CDD) is predicted by using Mote-Carlo simulation and they successfully utilize the time series temperature model in Campbell and Diabold (2003). Mills (2009) also uses time series model to model the current temperature trend of Central England. In the research of Mills (2009), it is suggested that three other alternative ways could be used to model the temperature trend, which is the parametric stochastic trend model, the non-parametric local trend fit, and a low-pass filter. These 3 alternat ive techniques had been discussed in Mills (2003) and Pollock (2007). Other than time series models, other models were used by other researchers in pricing of weather derivatives. For example, Lee and Oren (2009) suggested a model of equilibrium pricing of the weather derivatives for various commodities. This model is built where the risk averse utility function is optimized by the agents, including the weather derivatives that have been issued. There are two types of agent. The first type is the farmers where they obtain the profit with the exposure to weather risks while the second type of agent is those financial investors where they hope to diversify the financial portfolio. Therefore, later in 2010 and 2011, Lee and Oren with Hà ¤rdle and Osipenko simulate the realistic market conditions to get the equilibrium price for weather derivatives. This equilibrium pricing method of Lee and Oren is actually based on the research of Cao and Wei (1999) where Cao and Wei generalize the model of Lucas (1978) and include the daily temperature as a fundamental variable. Since Black-Scholes Model is a popular method to price the European options, BotoÃ…Å ¸ and CiumaÃ…Å ¸ (2012) uses the Black-Scholes model to apply in weather derivatives. The aim of their research is to see how the Black-Scholes model can be applied in weather type derivative and to analyze whether it is a suitable model to price for weather derivatives. However, based on their findings of the research, they concluded that the Black-Scholes model is not a suitable model to price for the weather derivatives as the weather market developed very quickly and it is inconsistent. Due to the inconsistencies, the model is not preferable to be used for pricing of weather derivatives contract unless it is a part of the portfolio. Benth and Ã…  altytÄ-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Benth (2005) uses a stochastic model to model the variations of temperature in their research paper. They used the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck with the driven by Levy process and having seasonal mean and volatility. They find that this model is quite a success to fit the Norwegian temperature data. Besides that, Svec and Stevenson (2006) also use a stochastic model to model and forecast the temperature. Svec and Stevenson (2006) uses Fourier transformation and stochastic Brownian motion (SBM).They proposed a more generalized stochastic Brownian motion to model the temperature, that is, the stochastic fractional Brownian motion (FBM). The model proposed take account the low-frequency variability of weather where the SBM does not. The difference of the SBM and FBM is that the FBM included a continuous-time Gaussian process depending on the Hurst parameter. This research paper concluded that the Monte-Carlo simulation overly forecast while the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time-series model under forecast the monthly accumulated Heating-degree Day (HDD) and Cooling-degree Day (CDD). They also concluded that the models they use in the research have better estimates than that of the Campbell and Diebold (2003) model. (b) Objective of Research There are two main objectives in this research, that is:- (i) To model the daily temperature based on the analysis of daily average temperature in Malaysia by using stochastic fractional Brownian Motion. (ii) Pricing of the weather derivative. (c) Methodology 1. Flow Chart of Research Activities 2. Gantt Chart of Research Activities 3. Milestones and Dates The flow chart, Gantt chart and milestones and date clearly show that the research activities of this research project. To complete this research project, there are 10 stages. The first stage is looking for a research supervisor so that this research is under supervision. Then, setting up of research title will be the next stage. After setting up the research title, studying and reading related journals needed as to get a rough idea of what is the research needed to be done and what actually the research is all about. The fourth stage will be fixing the model to be used in the research. After reading and studying of relevant journals, the model to be used could be determined. In this research, the model to be used in modelling the daily average temperature is the FBM. The FBM that will be used is as follows: This model was chosen because out of a few models studied in the past research papers, it is one of the best model that fits the movement of temperature. In this FBM, it consists of several components. That is, the mean reversion process, the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and the fractional Brownian process which is a continuous-time Gaussian process. Besides that, the model used also included some seasonal and trend factors. With the combination of this few process and factors, it makes the stochastic FBM more efficient in describing the movement of temperature. As the fixing of the model is done, preparation of research proposal would be the next stage and it is now pending for approval by supervisor. After the proposal of research is done and it is approved, collection of data begun and then analysis works will be started. Analyses of data enable the temperature to be modelled by the model fixed in the earlier stage. In this research, the model to be used is the Stochastic Brownian Motion. Hence, the eighth stage is the modelling of daily average temperature using Stochastic Brownian Motion. After the modelling, pricing of weather derivatives can be start doing and finally, after the pricing is done, the research project is finished up and completed. (d) Expected results 1. New Knowledge Throughout this research, there are actually a lot of new knowledge could be obtained. As this research is all about modelling of temperature and pricing of weather derivatives hence, by doing this research, it provides a better idea on which model is better in fitting or describing the movements of daily temperature as a lot of other models are studied. Besides that, the steps to model the movements of daily temperatures also a new knowledge. It improves the knowledge about stochastic. Since this research is using stochastic fractional Brownian Motion to model the changes of daily temperature, through this research, the suitability of the stochastic model to describe the changes of daily temperature will be reviewed. Besides that, through this research, the application and the usage of the stochastic fractional Brownian Motion is known. Moreover, it will provide a better understanding of the method to calculate the price of the weather derivatives. 2. Research publications This research will be published as a thesis in semester II of 2014/2015. 3. Impact on Society, Economy and Nation Since in Malaysia, it is lack of researchers doing the research about the pricing weather derivatives, so, this research of modelling and pricing of weather derivatives gives some small impact on the economy. One of the impact is that it improves a little bit of the economic conditions of the agricultural field. As mentioned previously in this research, agricultural activities are affected a lot by the weather and agriculture activities are one of the largest activities in Malaysia. Hence, by doing this research, the forecasting of temperature can be done based on the modelling of temperature. With the forecasting of temperature, it can help the farmers to be aware of their crops and come out with a better strategy to handle and prepare for the worst. Of course, the forecast results might not be accurate, but, with the guides provided from the modelling and forecasting, it helps to reduce the risk of losing the money, be it the farmers or the investors. This helps to prevent the farm ers from stop doing agriculture activities. So, by doing this research, it indirectly affected a little bit on the economic condition of the agricultural field. References Benth, F., Ã…  altytÄ-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Benth, J. (2005). Stochastic Modelling of Temperature Variations with a View Towards Weather Derivatives. Applied Mathematical Finance, 53-85. BotoÃ…Å ¸, H., CiumaÃ…Å ¸, C. (2012). The use of the Black-Scholes Model in the Field of Weather Derivatives.Procedia Economics and Finance,611-616. Cao, M. and Wei, J. (1999). Pricing weather derivative: an equilibrium approach. Working paper. Cao, M., Li, A. and Wei, J., (2004). Precipitation modeling and contract valuation: a frontier in weather derivatives. The Journal of Alternative Investments 7: 93- 99. Campbell, S.D. and Diebold, F.X., (2003). Weather forecasting for weather derivatives. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 100: 6-16. Chang, C., Lin, J., Shen, W. (2009). Pricing Weather Derivatives using a Predicting Power Time Series Process*.Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies,863- 890. Hà ¤rdle, W. K. and Osipenko, M. (2011). Pricing Chinese Rain: A Multisite Multi-period Equilibrium Pricing Model for Rainfall Derivatives. SFB 649 Discussion Paper 2011-055. Jewson, S. and Brix, A. 2005. Weather Derivative Valuation: The Meteorological, Statistical, Financial and Mathematical Foundations. Cambridge University Press. Lee, Y. and Oren, S., (2009). An equilibrium pricing model for weather derivatives in a multi-commodity setting. Energy Economics, 31 (5): 702-713. Lee, Y. and Oren, S., (2010). A multi-period equilibrium pricing model of weather derivatives. Energy Systems 1: 3-30. Lucas, R. E. (1978). Asset prices in an exchange economy, Econometrica 46, pp. 1429-1445. Mills, T. C. (2003). Modelling Trends and Cycles in Economic Time Series. Palgrave Macmillan. Mills, T. C. (2009). Modelling Current Temperature Trends. Journal of Data Science 7, 89-97. Norton, M., Osgood, D., Turvey, C. (2010). Weather Index Insurance and the Pricing of Spatial Basis Risk. Retrieved from: http://ageconsearch.umn.edu /bitstream/61734/2/Norton%20Osgood%20Turvey.Weather%20Index%20Ins urance%20and%20the%20Pricing%20of%20Spatial%20Basis%20Risk%20_ AAEA2010_.pdf Pollock, D. S. G. (2007). Statistical signal extraction and filtering: A partial survey. In Handbook on Computational Econometrics (Forthcoming)2. Elsevier. Svec, J., Stevenson, M. (2006). Modelling and forecasting temperature based weather derivatives.Global Finance Journal,185-204. Taib, C.M.I.C. and Benth, F.E. (2012). Pricing of temperature index insurance. Review of Development Finance 2, pp.22-31.

The Crucible - Was The Mass Hysteria Necessary? Essay -- Essay on The

In The Crucible, there was a lot of senseless behavior. The purpose of The Crucible is to educate the reader on the insanity that can form in a group of people who think they are judging fairly upon a group of people. Judge Hawthorne believes what he is told by certain people is the truth even if little evidence is to be shown. The young girls with Abigail convince Hawthorne of others being witches so that Abigail can get what she wants, John Proctor, also so that Abigail does not blackmail the girls. The Crucible by Authur Miller investigates the effects of hysteria, superstitions and repression on the Salem Community in the late 1600’s. Author Miller, 1915- was born in New York City and graduated from Abraham High School in Brooklyn, New York. Miller later went on to graduate school at the University of Michigan, 1938, where he received a prize for his play write. After college Miller joined the United States Army and fought in World War II. Miller also went through the great depression. Arthur Miller’s first play was written in 1944, he titled it â€Å"The Man who had All the Luck.† The Crucible is a dramatization of the 17th-century Salem witch trials and a parable about the United States in the McCarthy era. It was written in 1953 and Miller received a Tony Award for this play write. Miller’s The Theater Essays (1971) is a collection of writings about the craft of play writes and the nature of modern tragedy. In his time he has written many others plays, he has also writt...

Werther as the Prototypical Romantic in Sorrows of Young Werther Essay

Werther as the Prototypical Romantic in Sorrows of Young Werther In Goethe's Sorrows of Young Werther, the protagonist's characteristics and ideas define him as the prototypical romantic personality.   The Romantic Movement emphasizes emotion over reason, an idea that Werther emulates throughout his life.   Werther loves pastoral settings; in nature, he feels most in touch with his emotions.   He rejects rationality and complexity with the sentiment that life is an adventure to be guided by intuition.   Werther's longing for his love, Lotte, is a paradigm of the Romantic concept of sehnsucht, one's constant yearning for something that they will never possess or know.   Werther finds Lotte to be the object of his hopeless desire, but social conventions of a world based on reason keep her just out of his reach.   His unrequited passion for Lotte ultimately destroys him as his frustrated melancholy drowns every other aspect of his personality.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Werther's love of the countryside illustrates his appreciation of the untamed emotion to be found in natural settings.   He believes that an artist can only become great by drawing nature scenes, and considers those who do not appreciate the beauty of the world to be unhealthy.   Werther escapes the rules and regulations that saturate the rational world in pastoral settings such as Wahlheim, where he finds that "I can be myself and experience every happiness known to man"   (43).   He can best sense the presence of God and his spiritual self in nature, and develops some of his deepest connections with Lotte.   Werther is deeply saddened when someone with "no feeling at all for the few things on this earth that are of real value" cuts down the beautiful walnut trees in f... ...iliar sense of yearning that will never be fulfilled.   Werther realizes that death is the only way to end his misery.   Like the insane man picking flowers, Werther has found Lotte as his reason, but death is the only way to lose it again.   Werther is deeply sympathetic for the murderer at Wahlheim because he feels every bit of his hopelessness and sees the man's fate as his own.   The judge reasonably refuses to overlook the law merely because the man allowed emotions to control his actions, and his words, "The man is doomed," might as well have been directed to Werther   (106).   Werther is helpless to his longing, bringing him "to his sad end, lost in a fantastic sensitivity and infinite passion"   (107).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Work Cited Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. The Sorrows of Young Werther. Trans. Elizabeth Mayer and Louis Bogan. 1774; New York: Random House, 1970.

Terry Kays To Dance with the White Dog :: Dance White Dog Terry Kay Essays

Terry Kay's To Dance with the White Dog In the story To Dance with the White Dog, Sam’s daughters were constantly bothering him. Sam’s daughters thought that he could not do a single thing without them because their dad was getting older. Sam lost his wife of fifty-seven years, Cora, to a heart attack. Sam needed a companion, someone who could look at him and not think that he was losing his mind like his family did. One day Sam discovered a white dog running around his property. Sam did not want to support another stray dog like he did in the past. The white dog was something very special to him though. The white dog reminded Sam of a cute white fluffy dog that him and his wife had around the time they were first married. Sam’s daughters thought that the white dog was a figment of his imagination. White dog is real because of the physical evidence present from the time Sam discovered white dog to the time when white dog left him. Sam found white dog on the steps of his back porch licking up grease spots on the cement. Sam yelled at the white dog, â€Å"Get! Get!†(26). Sam then later saw strings of blood from where white dog was licking the cement. One night as well Sam fell on the floor in pain because of his hip. One of Sam’s daughters knew something was wrong because her father was never up that late at night. So, she sent her husband to check and see if everything was okay. When she looked out the window she saw the white dog running from the house with her own eyes. That was the first time that anyone was able to see the dog because white dog never went out of her way for anyone to see her until Sam was in desperate need of help. White dog would also run along the side of Sam’s truck to the graveyard to visit Cora’s final resting site. White dog was real because of her physically running after Sam’s truck. White dog was a special companion to Sam Peek. Sam was a lonely man and white dog kept him company. White dog was considered a figment of Sam’s imagination because no one could see her. There was physical evidence present that white dog was real.

Online Hotel Reservation System

The proponents would like to express their deepest gratitude to the creator, God Almighty for his constant guidance throughout this study. The proponents would like to thank the following persons, groups for their hospitality, patience and understanding.To our parents for allowance support and for letting us workovernight w/ our group. To our group member’s, individual residences for a accommodating using their respective process, thank you.The Professor Jayson R. Herm genes, subject adviser for his kindness, generosity, support and guidance to the researchers throughout the making of this study.Engr. Aureluz L. Torres the University Director, for her support, understanding, encouragement and deep concern for all the students of the Campus Professor Kathryn M. Placido, Head of Academic Affairs, for guidance and support in the making of the study.Professor Gemma B. Macariola, Head for Student Affairs and Services, for the help she had given to the researchers especially for the information that was needed for the study. Our loving parents, for their moral and financial support, for the love and inspiration they have given us to pursue our bachelor’s degree. Our friends, for the support, assistance and the courage they with us within the study.And lastly, to our almighty God who has given us the strength, faith, guidance, knowledge and for making us strong in times of difficulties.DEDICATION The proponents dedicate this study to every person that has been part of this project contributing their resources and knowledge regarding this project. The proponents primarily dedicate this study to their school, Polytechnic University of the Philippines Santa Maria Campus. The proponents also offer this study to their professors who persistently motivate them, so they can provide such system like this that will hopefully make a big difference in the university.To the family of the proponents who has been very supportive during the process, to their love ones for inspiring them and continuously giving them reasons to have more perseverance in finishing  this project. And above all, the proponents offer this project to God Almighty that always showers them with his blessings.ABSTRACTThe chapter 1 discusses the introduction and system overviewof the study. This section deals with the following statement of theproblem according to the study, objective, scope and delimitation of the study. The chapter 2 deals with the feasibility studies discuss whichincludes technical feasibility and operational feasibility. Economicfeasibility deals with the hardware and software depreciation cost.The cost will implement in the market analysis. System Analysis implements diagrams that discuss the flow of the proposed system. It helps the proponents to take action for the proposed system. System Design implements the process of defining and developing a system to satisfy specified requirements of the user to use the proposed system. The chapter 5 discusses the summary of the whole study. Thissection deals with conclusion and recommendation for the proposedsystem. .CHAPTER 1IntroductionA hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has Largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathroom s and air conditioning or climate control. The cost and quality of hotels are usually indicative of the range and type of services available. Due to the enormous increase in tourismworldwide during the last decades of the 20th century, standards, especially those of smaller establishments, have improved considerably.Hotels are independently assessed in traditional systems and these rely heavily on the facilities provided. Today, most of the Hotels provide goods and services using  computer system. It helps to perform task in an easy way with less time consumed. Some companies are become fully automated while others strive for the similar setting. Computer programmers develop things like computer system that the rest of us could use. The computer programmers tell the users what to do. They make programs that users can easily used or understand.The advent of new technology gave rise to easy and hassle free interaction between and among humans. Whether it is in business, science or w hatever task a person takes on the quality and speed of carrying it out are enhanced with automation at the core of this efficient today, many systems have used an automation process like using computer system, due to the efficient and accuracy. â€Å"Hotel Reservation System† is a transaction processing system. In this system there are more advantages rather than a manual Hotel Reservation.Background of the StudyThe proponents want to know the reasons of hotel in using manual reservation. The proponents conduct a study towards the topic because they notice some of the hotel still use manual reservation. The study will emphasize the effects of using manual reservation and how a computerized reservation will be substituted. Therefore, the proponents purported to find out how to increase the number of customer using computerized reservation. Interaction and individual stimulation have always been linked to the technological availability of the time and place. With the transitio n to an information-based society, computers and transactions have evolved from manual transaction.One of the solutions or alternatives to the problems that a hotel is facing, a system was being developed which can edit, delete, filter, monitor and store and secured the records of the customers. Hotel Reservation system is a transaction processing system that solves the problem encountered during the manual Hotel Reservation. The computerized Hotel Reservation System aims to simplify the manual Hotel Reservation fastest and accurate. Database is shared thru LocalArea Network (LAN). The proponents make use of some tools andtechniques to build the project. The system uses Graphical User Interface (GUI) to help the user give instruction to the computer. The system once Implemented it  will solve the most common problems that the Hotel Reservation encounter.Statement of the ProblemBased on the research conducted, the proponents found out the problem of this study is: How will this sys tem help the management and the staff to have anaccurate service at the same time to monitor the records of the customers? General Problem: The main problem of this study is the inaccurate reservation of the customer. Specific problem: 1. Low in security2. Time monitoring 3. Less data integrity 4. Difficulty in searching and retrieving files 5. Possible loss of records and retrieving files 6. Difficulty in finding the availability of roomsObjective of the StudyThis study intends to develop a Hotel Reservation System. General ObjectivesThis study aims to solve the problems encountered and to change the manual reservation.Specific Objectives1. To increase the security between the management and staff. 2. To lessen time consume. 3. To highly integrate data. 4. To spend less time in searching and retrieving of files. 5.To create a back up of files in every successful transaction. 6.To become make easier to find the availability rooms.SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONThis study is conducted to know the reason behind the proponents on how will their purposed systems will help the Hotel Management. Hotel Reservation System is fully scalable and designed toprovide extensive flexibility and varied choices. Typical hotel reservation and e commerce hotel system software reservation solutions currently in place and available today are technically designed to achieve only one objective function, which is to connect buyer to seller.SCOPEThis study mainly focused on providing retailing business application using computeri zed system that enables businesses to track services and aims to provide accurate and reliable process on every transaction especially in a hotel reservation. This study looked into a better impact of using technology today on how it affects our daily lives especially for being the customer. With this studies it can help our beneficiaries’ toknow the differences of using manual system to a computerized generation today, prioritize is to prove and to give them the right information.DELIMITATIONHotel Reservation System is designed to manage all typesof hotel bookings, made directly by guests .Its powerful hotelreservation, marketing & merchandising features give you the abilityto control dynamic room or tour allotments, distribute confidentialtrade rates, provide varying rates and commissions, multiple seasons, distributing last minute rates, multi-currency including the euro and so much more. The hotel reservation system will allow you to dynamicallycontrol most of your hotel reservation without the need for inexpensive web designer.CHAPTER 3SYSTEM ANALYSIS Systems analysis is the interdisciplinary part of science, dealing with analysis of sets of interacting entities, the systems, often prior to their automation as computer systems, and the interactions within those systems.This field is closely related to operations research. It is also â€Å"an explicit formal inquiry carried out to Help someone, referred to as the decision maker, identify a better course of action and make a better decision than he might have otherwise made.CONTEXT DIAGRAMThe staff will assist the customer, they input customer information to the form before they check in to the hotel, and the admin will monitor the ongoing transaction.CHAPTER 4Register Fill up FORMR reservation Process BB Hotel Info Stop ACASYSTEM DESIGNIn this chapter the design phase may be defined as the process of applying various techniques and principles for the propose of a defining a device, a process or system in sufficient detail to permit its physical realization.ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAG RAMSEntity Relationship Diagrams show entities in a database and relationships between tables within that database. The patterns help focus on how the database actually works with all of the interactions and data flows, although another useful tool is a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) which more directly describes this.CHAPTER 5SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This chapter implements the summary of the proposed system wherein the proponents have conclusions and recommendation according to their findings.SUMMARYHotel Reservation System has all the dynamic versatile features required to run your hotel, and guest house business. Hotel Room Management offers an operational integration between reservations, guest history, reception/ front desk, Sales Ledger, and Reporting modules. Software has facility to generate report for analyzes your booking, check in and checkout status. Hotel Room Management system is the best suit for managing you resource in very simple but effective manner with minimal efforts or time so that it increases your revenue. This study aims to change the current system that would be accurate for both customer and hotel management. The proponents use diagrams to implement the flow of the proposed system.CONCLUSIONBased on the result of the researcher’s study, the following conclusions are given: 1. the manual process of transaction is inaccurate for the customer because of possible lost of records. 2. More consuming of time in filling forms and reports.RECOMMENDATIONAfter studying and analyzing the flow of the current system of Hotel, the proponents would like to recommend the following: The system prove to be fast accurate convenient, efficient and reliable for the process of reservation. The proponents developed an automated system suitable for the hotel; the system could save time, effort in filling and monitoringBIBLIOGRAPHYwww.google.comwww.wikipedia.comwww.yahoo.com Dagdag, Lourdes A., etal.Fundamentals of Research and BusinessCorrespondence, Ramar Printing Press, Sta Cruz, Manila: 2001 THESIS Computerized PUPSMB Faculty Performance Evaluation System (2009) Dimanlig, Jacino, San Victores, tiango yasay Agulto, Jasmin C. â€Å"Inventory and Billing

Anatomy of Blood Cells Exercise 32

CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEWS OF AN ARTERY AND OF A VEIN ARE SHOWN HERE. IDENTIFY EACH; ON THE LINES TO THE SIDES, NOTE THE STRUCTURAL DETAILS THAT ENABLED YOU TO MAKE THESE IDENTIFICATIONS: STRUCTURAL DETAILS: ARTERY: ROUND AND THICK VEIN: THIN AND SQUIGGLY 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA INTIMA INNERMOST TUNIC, THIN TUNIC OF CAPILLARIES 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA MEDIA ESPECIALLY THICK IN ELASTIC ARTERIES, CONTAINS SMOOTH MUSCLE AND ELASTIN 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA EXTERNA MOST SUPERFICIAL TUNIC, HAS A SMOOTH SURFACE TO DECREASE RESISTANCE TO BLOOD FLOW 5 WHY ARE VALVES PRESENT IN VEINS BUT NOT IN ARTERIES? Veins need valves to create pressure to pump the blood to the heart. Blood flows away from the heart and, therefore, the pressure is not required. Helps against gravity. 6 NAME TWO EVENTS OCCURING WITHIN THE BODY THAT AID IN VENOUS RETURN. 1. Respiratory â€Å"Pump†. Pressure changes that occur in the thorax during breathing. 2. Muscular â€Å"Pump†. Contraction and Relaxation of skeletal muscles surrounding the veins 7 WHY ARE THE WALLS OF ARTERIES PROPERTIONATELY THICKER THAN THOSE OF THE CORRESPONDING VEINS? Because the blood is pumped directly into arteries so there is more pressure on the arteries 8 THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM HAS ONE OF THESE; THE VENOUS SYSTEM HAS TWO BRACHIOCEPHALIC 9 THESE ARTERIES SUPPLY THE MYOCARDIUM CORONARY 10 TWO PAIRED ARTERIES SERVING THE BRAIN EXTERNAL CAROTID, INTERNAL CAROTID 11 LONGEST VEIN IN THE LOWER LIMB GREAT SAPHENOUS 12 ARTERY ON THE DORSUM OF THE FOOT CHECKED AFTER LEG SURGERY DORSALIS PEDIS 13 SERVES THE POSTERIOR THIGH FEMORAL 14 Ok, so you’re using my notecards which is great. I am glad I could help you out cause I wish I had someone to help me out when I took this course. I know Anatomy is super hard. I only ask that if you find these notecards helpful, you join Easy Notecards and create at least one notecard set to help others out. It can be for any subject or class. Thanks and don’t forget to rate my helpfulness! 15 SUPPLIES THE DIAPHRAGM PHRENIC 16 FORMED BY THE UNION OF THE RADIAL AND ULNAR VEINS BRACHIAL 17 TWO SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE ARM BASILIC, CEPHALIC 18 ARTERY SERVING THE KIDNEY RENAL 19 VEINS DRAINING THE LIVER HEPATIC 20 ARTERY THAT SUPPLIES THE DISTAL HALF OF THE LARGE INTESTINE INFERIOR MESENTERIC 21 DRAINS THE PELVIC ORGANS INTERNAL ILIAC 22 WHAT THE EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY BECOMES ON ENTRY INTO THE THIGH DEEP ARTERY OF THE THIGH, FEMORAL 23 MAJOR ARTERY SERVING THE ARM SUBCLAVIAN 24 SUPPLIES MOST OF THE SMALL INTESTINE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC 25 JOIN TO FORM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA COMMON ILIAC 26 AN ARTERIAL TRUNK THAT HAS THREE MAJOR BRANCHES, WHICH RUN TO THE LIVER, SPLEEN, AND STOMACH CELIAC TRUNK 27 MAJOR ARTERY SERVING THE TISSUES EXTERNAL TO THE SKULL COMMON CAROTID 28 THREE VEINS SERVING THE LEG ANTERIOR TIBIAL, FIBULAR, POSTERIOR TIBIAL 29 ARTERY GENERALLY USED TO TAKE THE PULSE AT THE WRIST RADIAL 30 WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CEREBRAL ARTERIAL CIRCLE (CIRCLE OF WILLIS)? PROVIDES ALTERNATE PATHWAYS FOR BLOOD TO REACH BRAIN TISSUE IN THE CASE OF IMPAIRED BLOOD FLOW IN THIS SYSTEM. 31 THE ANTERIOR AND MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERIES ARISE FROM THE __1__ ARTERY. THEY SERVE THE __2__ OF THE BRAIN. 1. INTERNAL CAROTID 2 CEREBRUM 32 TRACE THE PATHWAY OF A DROP OF BLOOD FROM THE AORTA TO THE LEFT OCCIPITAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN, NOTING ALL STRUCTURES THROUGH WHICH IT FLOWS? subclavian artery, vertebral artery, basilar artery, posterior cerebral artery 33 LABEL ARTERIES 34 LABEL ARTERIES 35 LABEL ARTERIES 36 LABEL ARTERIES 37 LABEL ARTERIES 38 LABEL ARTERIES 39 LABEL ARTERIES 40 LABEL ARTERIES 41 TRACE THE PATHWAY OF A CARBON DIOXIDE GAS MOLECULE IN THE BLOOD FROM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BLOODSTREAM. NAME ALL STRUCTURES (VESSELS, HEART CHAMBERS, AND OTHERS) PASSED THROUGH EN ROUTE. RIGHT ATRIUM -> RIGHT VENTRICLE -> PULMONARY TRUNK -> RIGHT OR LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY -> LOBAR ARTERY -> PULMONARY CAPILLARY BEDS IN LUNGS -> AIR SACS OF LUNGS.